@article {9999, title = {Implications for hybrid newswork from the activities of local US television journalists during COVID}, journal = {Journalism Practice}, year = {2024}, abstract = {

In response to the COVID-19 crisis, many local television (TV) newsrooms decided to have employees work from home (WFH) or from the field rather than from the newsroom, creating a kind of hybrid work characterized by flexible work location. From a review of research on telework and WFH, we identified possible impacts of WFH on work and on workers, with a particular focus on news work and news workers. Data on the impacts of hybrid work are drawn from interviews with local television news directors and journalists in the United States and observations of remote work. We found that through creative application of technology, WFH news workers could successfully create a newscast, albeit with some concerns about story quality. However, WFH did not seem to satisfy workers{\textquoteright} needs for socialization or learning individually or as a group. Lifted restrictions on gatherings are mitigating some of the experienced problems, but we expect to see continued challenges to news workers{\textquoteright} informal learning in hybrid work settings.

}, doi = {10.1080/17512786.2024.2344643}, attachments = {https://futureofnewswork.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/Implications\%20for\%20hybrid\%20newswork\%20from\%20the\%20activities\%20of\%20local\%20US\%20television\%20journalists\%20during\%20COVID\%20to\%20share.pdf}, author = {Kevin Crowston and Keren Henderson and Kian Loong Lua and Raghav Raheja} } @article {9998, title = {Making sense of AI systems development}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering}, volume = {50}, year = {2024}, month = {12/2023}, pages = {123{\textendash}140}, abstract = {We identify and describe episodes of sensemaking around challenges in modern Artificial-Intelligence (AI)-based systems development that emerged in projects carried out by IBM and client companies. All projects used IBM Watson as the development platform for building tailored AI-based solutions to support workers or customers of the client companies. Yet, many of the projects turned out to be significantly more challenging than IBM and its clients had expected. The analysis reveals that project members struggled to establish reliable meanings about the technology, the project, context, and data to act upon. The project members report multiple aspects of the projects that they were not expecting to need to make sense of yet were problematic. Many issues bear upon the current-generation AI{\textquoteright}s inherent characteristics, such as dependency on large data sets and continuous improvement as more data becomes available. Those characteristics increase the complexity of the projects and call for balanced mindfulness to avoid unexpected problems.}, doi = {10.1109/TSE.2023.3338857}, attachments = {https://futureofnewswork.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/sensemaking_tse_to_share.pdf}, author = {Mateusz Dolata and Kevin Crowston} } @proceedings {wang2024reelframer, title = {ReelFramer: Human-AI Co-Creation for News-to-Video Translation}, year = {2024}, address = {Honolulu, Hawai{\textquoteright}i}, abstract = {

Short videos on social media are the dominant way young people consume content. News outlets aim to reach audiences through news reels -- short videos conveying news -- but struggle to translate traditional journalistic formats into short, entertaining videos. To translate news into social media reels, we support journalists in reframing the narrative. In literature, narrative framing is a high-level structure that shapes the overall presentation of a story. We identified three narrative framings for reels that adapt social media norms but preserve news value, each with a different balance of information and entertainment. We introduce ReelFramer, a human-AI co-creative system that helps journalists translate print articles into scripts and storyboards. ReelFramer supports exploring multiple narrative framings to find one appropriate to the story. AI suggests foundational narrative details, including characters, plot, setting, and key information. ReelFramer also supports visual framing; AI suggests character and visual detail designs before generating a full storyboard. Our studies show that narrative framing introduces the necessary diversity to translate various articles into reels, and establishing foundational details helps generate scripts that are more relevant and coherent. We also discuss the benefits of using narrative framing and foundational details in content retargeting.

}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.09653}, author = {Sitong Wang and Samia Menon and Tao Long and Keren Henderson and Dingzeyu Li and Kevin Crowston and Mark Hansen and Jeffrey V. Nickerson and Lydia B. Chilton} } @article {9999, title = {Technological Frames: Interpretations about the Futures of Work and Intelligent Machines on Social Media}, journal = {Information, Technology \& People}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Purpose: This study explores interpretations and feelings about futures of work and intelligent machines expressed on social media. Design/methodology/approach: We investigate public interpretations, assumptions and expectations expressed in social media conversations through which users freely share their most recent ideas. In addition to frames, this study also coded the emotions and attitudes expressed in the text data. More specifically, a corpus consisting of 998 unique Reddit post titles and their corresponding 16,611 comments were analyzed by using computer-aided textual analysis comprising a BERTopic model, and two BERT text classification models, one for emotion and the other for sentiment analysis, supported by human judgment. Finally, relationships among frames and attitudes and frames and emotions were examined. Findings: Twelve clusters were found that related to futures of work with intelligent machines. Based on the prior literature, two frames were chosen from these clusters and analyzed in detail: (1) general impacts of intelligent machines on wealth and society and (2) replacement of tasks (augmentation and substitution). The general attitude observed in conversations was positive, moreover the most common emotion category was approval. Findings also showed there are relationships between frames and attitudes and frames and emotions. Originality: This work extends the prior literature on a topic relevant for academia and industry. Findings of this research can help realize potential needs and benefits from the public{\textquoteright}s vantage point in the case of possible transformations in the future of work with intelligent machines. The findings may also help enlighten researchers to shape research directions about futures of work. Furthermore, firms, organizations or industries may also employ framing methods to receive customers{\textquoteright} or workers{\textquoteright} responses, or even to influence the responses. Aside from the empirical findings, another crucial implication of this work is application of theory of technological frames for systematizing the interpretations of how people conceptualize the future of work with the technology of intelligent machines. This study constitutes a bridge that connects fields of IS, computational science and empirical social research. }, doi = {10.1108/ITP-01-2023-0049}, attachments = {https://futureofnewswork.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/frames\%20to\%20share.pdf}, author = {Ay{\c s}e {\"O}cal and Kevin Crowston} } @proceedings {petridis2023anglekindling, title = {AngleKindling: Supporting Journalistic Angle Ideation with Large Language Models}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1145/3544548.3580907}, url = {https://savvaspetridis.github.io/papers/anglekindling.pdf}, author = {Petridis, Savvas and Diakopoulos, Nicholas and Crowston, Kevin and Hansen, Mark and Henderson, Keren and Jastrzebski, Stan and Nickerson, Jefrey V and Chilton, Lydia B} } @article {wang2023reelframer, title = {Video for ReelFramer: Co-creating News Reels on Social Media with Generative AI}, year = {2023}, type = {Video}, url = {https://youtu.be/WQZcbdp5yJQ}, author = {Sitong Wang and Samia Menon and Tao Long and Keren Henderson and Dingzeyu Li and Kevin Crowston and Mark Hansen and Jeffrey V. Nickerson and Lydia B. Chilton} } @conference {2022, title = {Communicating with the masses from isolation: What happened when local television journalists worked from home}, booktitle = {Hawai{\textquoteright}i International Conference on System Sciences}, year = {2022}, month = {1/2022}, address = {Virtual due to COVID}, abstract = {

In response to the COVID-19 crises, many local TV newsrooms decided to have employees work from home (WFH) or the field rather than from the newsroom. From a review of research on telework, we identified possible impacts of WFH on worker effectiveness, conceptualized as including output, individual satisfaction and growth, and group well-being. From a case study of a local TV newsroom and interviews with news directors, we found that WFH was successful in creating a newscast, albeit with some concerns about story quality. However, WFH did not seem to satisfy workers individually or as a group. The current lifting of restrictions on gatherings might mitigate some of the experienced problems, but we expect to see challenges to news worker learning with continued WFH.

}, doi = {10.24251/HICSS.2022.858}, attachments = {https://futureofnewswork.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/Journalists\%20work\%20from\%20home_HICSS\%20Version_Final\%20Submission_Unlinked.pdf}, author = {Keren Henderson and Raghav Raheja and Kevin Crowston} } @conference {9999, title = {Project archetypes: A blessing and a curse for AI development}, booktitle = {International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS)}, year = {2022}, address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, abstract = {

Software projects rely on what we propose to call project archetypes, i.e., pre-existing mental images of how projects work. They guide distribution of responsibilities, planning, or expectations. However, with the technological progress, project archetypes may become outdated, ineffective, or counterproductive by impeding more adequate approaches. Understanding archetypes of software development projects is core to leverage their potential. The development of applications using machine learning and artificial intelligence provides a context in which existing archetypes might outdate and need to be questioned, adapted, or replaced. We analyzed 36 interviews from 21 projects between IBM Watson and client companies and identified four project archetypes members initially used to understand the projects. We then derive a new project archetype, cognitive computing project, from the interviews. It can inform future development projects based on AI-development platforms. Project leaders should pro-actively manage project archetypes while researchers should investigate what guides initial understandings of software projects.

}, url = {https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2022/is_design/is_design/6 }, attachments = {https://futureofnewswork.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/icis_archetypes_rev1_v20_zora.pdf}, author = {Mateusz Dolata and Kevin Crowston and Gerhard Schwabe} } @conference {2020, title = {Algorithmic Journalism and Its Impacts on Work}, booktitle = {Computation + Journalism Symposium }, year = {2020}, edition = {(cancelled due to COVID; presented in 2021)}, abstract = {

In the artificial intelligence era, algorithmic journalists can produce news reports in natural language from structured data thanks to natural language generation (NLG) algorithms. This paper presents several algorithmic content generation models and discusses the impacts of algorithmic journalism on work within a framework consisting of three levels: replacing tasks of journalists, increasing efficiency, and developing new capabilities within journalism. The findings indicate that algorithmic journalism technology may lead some changes in journalism by enabling individual users to produce their own stories. This paper may contribute to an understanding of how algorithmic news is created and how algorithmic journalism technology impacts work.

}, url = {https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/express.northeastern.edu/dist/d/53/files/2020/02/CJ_2020_paper_26.pdf}, attachments = {https://futureofnewswork.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/CJ_2020_paper_26.pdf}, author = {Ayse Dalgali and Kevin Crowston} }